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Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by cardiac pump dysfunction resulting in end-organ hypoperfusion and hypoxia.1,2 Although multiple treatment strategies have been explored in clinical trials, optimal therapy for CS is still debatable and mortality remains substantially high at around 50%.1 This need for improved treatment, together with a growing burden of patients with congestive […]

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a frequent finding on echocardiography, with detection rates reaching up to 86% across the different ranges of severity, with moderate or greater TR being reported in at least 6–8% of patients.1–3 The prevalence of TR increases with age, affecting >4% of people above the age of 75 years, with women being more […]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered sustained arrhythmia and its prevalence and incidence are on the rise as the aging of the population increases.1 AF has been described as an emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease, with significant effects on estimated disability and mortality, and is rapidly turning into a major public health concern. […]

Several smart, connected and direct-to-consumer wearable devices capable of detecting cardiac arrhythmias have proliferated in the marketplace in the last decade. Increasingly, these devices are being marketed as “medical grade” in addition to “wellness” devices.1 New iterations of smartwatch and smartphone technology incorporate biosensors and advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms equipped to diagnose cardiac arrhythmias; examples […]

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a complex disease with several independent causes. Consequently, outcomes and response to therapy vary widely. Severe or progressive TR often results in gradual right ventricular (RV) failure and is associated with poor long-term outcomes.1 Most cases of severe TR are secondary to left-sided heart disease, pulmonary hypertension or dilated cardiomyopathy, causing tricuspid […]

The left atrial appendage (LAA) is now recognised as a key site of thromboembolic origin in atrial fibrillation (AF), acting as the primary source of around 90% of embolic strokes in non-valvular AF patients.1–4 An important therapeutic strategy for stroke prevention in AF targets the LAA and simultaneously offers the opportunity to circumvent long-term oral […]

In individuals with heart failure (HF) who also have implanted cardioverter defibrillators and/or cardiac resynchronisation therapy (ICD/CRT) devices, low daily physical activity (PA) levels lead to increased risk of mortality, poor aerobic capacity and lower health-related quality of life.1 Improving daily PA in these individuals may, therefore, be an important clinical endpoint; however, designing interventional […]

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is a brain infarction that cannot be clearly attributed to cardioembolism, large-vessel atherosclerosis or small artery disease, despite extensive clinical evaluation.1 It represents approximately one-third of all ischaemic strokes worldwide.2 Stroke represents a major public health crisis, as it is the fifth most common cause of death in the USA and a significant cause […]

Atherosclerosis is a leading health problem worldwide, especially with an aging population and the increasing incidence of prediabetic and diabetic conditions. In addition to coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major cause of disability. The use of endovascular treatment for symptomatic lower extremity atherosclerotic disease has increased and spread […]