Cardiovascular care continues to evolve in response to increasingly complex clinical realities, where advances in intervention, electrophysiology and population health must be integrated with a more critical appraisal of long-held assumptions. Across disciplines, there is a growing recognition that improving ...

After decades of debate, patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is now a well-established strategy to reduce recurrent stroke in patients aged 18–60 years who have had a PFO-associated stroke.1 Patients who underwent PFO closure continue to have a higher stroke risk ...

The foramen ovale, an obligatory channel, allows placental oxygenated blood to directly reach the fetal arterial circulation and remains patent in 25% of the adult population.1 Patency provides a potential gateway for venous emboli to reach the arterial circulation, potentially resulting ...

Clinically relevant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common disorder, affecting approximately 4% of people 75 years of age or older.1 If left untreated, severe TR results in volume overload and right ventricular remodelling. This eventually leads to symptomatic right-sided heart failure, along ...

Highlights Failure to target and deliver durable radiofrequency lesions to all functionally critical areas has been identified as an important cause of ventricular tachycardia recurrence and is particularly challenging in deep midmyocardial or very extensive substrate where point-by-point radiofrequency ablation ...

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is a brain infarction that cannot be clearly attributed to cardioembolism, large-vessel atherosclerosis or small artery disease, despite extensive clinical evaluation.1 It represents approximately one-third of all ischaemic strokes worldwide.2 Stroke represents a major public health crisis, ...

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by cardiac pump dysfunction resulting in end-organ hypoperfusion and hypoxia.1,2 Although multiple treatment strategies have been explored in clinical trials, optimal therapy for CS is still debatable and mortality remains substantially high ...

Globally, a high proportion (around 25%) of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and ischemic strokes are cryptogenic.1,2 The Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification defines a cryptogenic stroke as a brain infarction that is not caused by definite cardioembolism, ...