touchCARDIO spoke with Dr Mike Gibson, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA to discuss the results of his trial investigating the relationship between apolipoprotein A-I infusions and cardiovascular outcomes, presented at ESC 2024. He explains that while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is generally associated with good outcomes, not all HDL is equally effective at removing cholesterol from plaque, a process known as cholesterol efflux, which is crucial for better outcomes after a heart attack.