Stroke

Cryptogenic stroke (CS) is a brain infarction that cannot be clearly attributed to cardioembolism, large-vessel atherosclerosis or small artery disease, despite extensive clinical evaluation.1 It represents approximately one-third of all ischaemic strokes worldwide.2 Stroke represents a major public health crisis, as it is the fifth most common cause of death in the USA and a significant cause […]

Introduction: Cryptogenic stroke (CS) accounts for 30–40% of all ischaemic strokes and there is substantial evidence to suggest arrhythmogenic cardioembolic involvement following the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). CS related to AF are often devastating, with around 70% mortality or significant disability. CS recurrence in the context of AF can be reduced with initiation of […]

Globally, a high proportion (around 25%) of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and ischemic strokes are cryptogenic.1,2 The Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification defines a cryptogenic stroke as a brain infarction that is not caused by definite cardioembolism, large artery atherosclerosis, or small artery disease, despite extensive investigations.3 The “ASCOD” classification defines strokes […]

The factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban, together with the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, are collectively referred to as non-vitamin K antagonist (or direct) oral anticoagulants (NOACs). FXa inhibitors are widely used for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation,1 and for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.2,3 In patients […]