Real-time three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: technical aspects and clinical applications

Cardiovascular medicine continues to advance at a remarkable pace, driven by innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration and an ever-deepening understanding of disease mechanisms. As patient populations age and chronic conditions become increasingly complex, the field stands at the intersection of precision therapy, ...

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat collection directly adjacent to the myocardium and coronary vasculature, lacking any separation and sharing the same circulation.1,2 This anatomy enables direct signalling between EAT and the surrounding tissue, positioning EAT as a central ...

As of the publication of this article, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has affected over 400 million people around the world and caused over 6 million deaths.1 Although COVID-19 infection predominantly affects the respiratory system, studies have described a wide spectrum of ...

More than half of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) occur in subjects with no significant coronary stenosis.1 In view of the number of patients dying each year from a heart attack, the question of identifying these patients is of primary importance. ...

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) represents the most common congenital cardiac anomaly, with a prevalence ranging between 1% and 2% in the general population.1 BAV is known to be associated with dilation and dissection of the ascending aorta, and the significantly higher shear ...

Anomalous coronary arteries originating from the opposite sinus of Valsalva (ACAOS) is one of the most clinically relevant abnormalities among the wide spectrum of coronary artery anomalies.1 Sudden cardiac death has been related to myocardial bridges, ectopic origin of the ...

Introduction: The restriction of activation mapping to the ventricular surface of contemporary mapping systems often leads to failure to correctly identify the true site of origin (SOO) of intramural and/or sub-epicardial Vas and lower procedural success. Electromechanical wave imaging (...

Introduction: Leadless left ventricular (LV) endocardial pacing with the WiSE-CRT System (EBR Systems Inc) is a novel treatment in the field of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The system was designed to provide lateral wall LV pacing (LVP) in response to ...

Background: The spatial resolution of a mapping catheter is determined by factors such as the quantity of electrodes, their inter-electrode spacing, and the various configurations in which they are utilized. These factors impact the interpretation of wavefront dynamics during cardiac ...

Background: Obesity-related cardiac remodelling may be reflected through electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Based on this premise, we hypothesised that an artificial intelligence (AI)-ECG model could be trained to predict body mass index (BMI), and that the difference between AI-ECG predicted ...

Athletes represent the fittest individuals in our society, yet paradoxically carry an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) when compared to sedentary individuals with the same cardiac disease.1,2 Two recent studies have provided a realistic prevalence of young SCD ...

  Sudden cardiac death arises from the unexpected stopping of the heart and is associated with up to a half of cardiovascular deaths. We discuss with Professor Martin Borggrefe how to identify patient populations at risk of sudden cardiac death (...