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The first-in-human implantation of a leadless pacing system occurred already more than 10 years ago.1 The first-generation ventricular leadless pacemaker could provide only asynchronous ventricular pacing (ventricular, ventricular, inhibited [VVI], or ventricular, ventricular, inhibited, rate response [VVIR]), limiting its indications to patients with atrial fibrillation and severe bradycardia, those precluded for implantation of a transvenous pacemaker […]

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Three-dimensional echocardiography in valve disease

Chiara Colombo, Gloria Tamborini, Mauro Pepi, Marina Alimento, Cesare Fiorentini
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Published Online: Jul 27th 2018 Heart International 2007;3(1-2):35-41
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Abstract

Overview

This review covers the role of three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography in the diagnosis
of heart valve disease. Several factors have contributed to the evolution of this technique,
which is currently a simple and routine method: rapid evolution in probe and computer technologies,
demonstration that 3D data sets allowed more complete and accurate evaluation of
cardiac structures, emerging clinical experience indicating the strong potential particularly in
valve diseases, volume and function of the two ventricle measurements and several other fields.
This report will review current and future applications of 3D echocardiography in mitral, aortic
and tricuspid valve diseases underlying both qualitative (morphologic) and quantitative advantages
of this technique. (Heart International 2007; 3: 35-41)

Keywords

Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, Valve disease

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Article Information

Correspondence

Gloria Tamborini, MD, Centro Cardiologico, Via Parea, 4, 20138 Milan, Italy, gloria.tamborini@ccfm.it

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